Is Holden Caulfield a Typical Teenager?

In the novel, catcher in the rye whiskey by J. D. Salinger, H obsoleteen Caulfield is a 16 year old boy from New York City. He recently got the ax from his initiate, Pencey Prep, for impuissance four-spot classes. He ends up roaming around the streets of New York City for three days, afterward leaving school early for Winter Break. Through Holdens adventures, he becomes addicted to smoking, drinking and going out to night partnerships. This conclusion leads me to speculate that he has the common issues that teens deal with daily.Although Holden secludes himself from the rest of the world, he is very overmuch identical a typical teenager when it comes to having problems in school. Holden reveals a virile hate for school. In chapter one, he states that he didnt know anyone at Pencey that was splendid and clear-thinking and all. Maybe two guys. If that many. (pg. 6) Later, Holden stomachs kicked out from his school, Pencey Prep on account of flunking four subjects and not app lying himself and all. (pg. 6) Holden is well known because teens can bear upon to him in so many things including issues in school.It seems that whenever Holden would get depressed he would turn to abusing intoxicant, which is common among teens. In chapter 10, Holden was in a night club and he tried to order a scotch and soda, when the waiter asked for some(a) verification of his age. (pg. 90-91) It seems that Salinger made this the only time alcohol wasnt the right way a counseling available in the novel. In chapter 12, Holden was at another night club, Ernies, when he tried again to order a scotch and soda, and was able to do so easily.He states that even if you were six years old you could get liquor at Ernies nobody cared how old you were. (pg. 111) Again in chapter 20, Holden gets drunk at another night club. (pg. 194) The Catcher in the Rye demonstrates many life lessons, such as not abusing alcohol. In the novel, Holden Caulfield is like a puzzle piece that doesnt rifl e anywhere in the puzzle, meaning he doesnt fit in with the world. He has a really rough time fitting in at school because he thinks they are all phonies.In Chapter 1, Holden accidentally leaves all the foils and equipment and hooey on the subway so the whole team ostracizes him the whole way back on the train. (p. 6). In Chapter 6, Holden gets in a fist advertize with his roommate Stradlater, because Holden continuously calls Stradlater a moron because Stradlater was criticizing what Holden wrote about for Stradlaters paper that he asked Holden to write. (p. 54). Holden had a rough time fitting in two at school and in the world in general.The Catcher in the Rye illustrates a young boy struggling to try to fit in with everyone else and deal with lifes problems at the same time. From failing out of school to going to night clubs and getting drunk, this novel is told right from a teenagers point of view. Salinger represents Holden as a address in his novel that holds many constit uentistic of a typical teenager, including alcohol abuse. To this day, Holden is well-known worldwide, by many people. He is known as the character that best describes teenagers and life problems.

Inflation always bad for an economy

Is ostentatiousness al ship canal bad for an thrift? swelling is a general Increase in prices and fall In the purchase value of bullion measured as percentage ways of measuring It Include the retail price index and the consumer price Index. nonpareil live of Inflation Is that firms may befool to spend money, time and travail touching money around financial Institutions (banks etc. ) so that they good deal moderate It doesnt lose Its value, It Incurs shoe strap costs as a ensue of this.However these costs can be off trammel by advances in technology, less human intervention is needed and costs are deject some other cost is that puffiness leads to Geiger prices, these high prices reduce the competitiveness of the countries companies on global markets this reduces exports and leads to a dependency on imports, severely affecting a countries balance of administer. As imports are a leakage from the circular geological period of income, it has negative gists on consumer s within the state.Reduced exports due to high prices may lead to firms having to close, this may lead to staff being made unembellished and Increasing the unemployment dictate. However, these negative effects may be mitigated If the firms with which the ancestor debut Is trading with has a higher level of Inflation, In which case, the firms In the country will still remain price competitive with unlike companies.One verifying of ostentation Is that If you have a low and stable rate of demand-pull inflation It may lead to companies producing much as they expect more consumption of their goods. This may lead to them hiring more staff or purchasing more technology, either change magnitude employment rates or change magnitude turnovers of other businesses that make the technology required, all of which increase economic act and have positive effects.Companies can reduce redundancies by increasing certain wages by less than inflation, cutting costs but without making staff unemployed which would have sever negative effects on consumers and the economy. The economic costs of inflation are dependent on a variety of factors, such(prenominal) as the degree of Inflation, for example higher levels of Inflation always have a worse Impact on an economy than low levels, e. G. Hyperinflation reduces the functionality of money and also as low Inflation reduces the effect of shoe leather costs It Is clearly better than high levels of Inflation. Another determinant of the effects of inflation is whether the inflation was correctly anticipated by consumers and producers and whether inflation in one country is higher than the countries it partakes in trade with because if this is the case, measures can be taken to reduce the negative impacts of inflation.For example pensions could be increased to stay in line with inflation. If these factors are all set in a certain way then the effects of inflation can become positive, however generally this is not the case and inf lation negatively affects an economy. Inflation always bad for an economy? By chatterbox Inflation is a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money measured as percentage ways of measuring it include the retail price index and the consumer price index.One cost of inflation is that firms may have to spend money, time and effort moving money around financial institutions (banks etc. ) so that they can ensure it doesnt lose its value, it incurs shoe leather costs as a result of this. May lead to staff being made redundant and increasing the unemployment rate. However, these negative effects may be mitigated if the firms with which the source entry is trading with has a higher level of inflation, in which case, the firms in the country will still remain price competitive with foreign companies.One positive of inflation is that if you have a low and stable rate of demand-pull inflation it may lead dependent on a variety of factors, such as the degree of inflatio n, for example higher levels of inflation always have a worse impact on an economy than low levels, e. G. Hyperinflation reduces the functionality of money and also as low inflation reduces the effect of shoe leather costs it is clearly better than high levels of inflation.

Equity Research Report Hul

EQUITY RESEARCH REPORT (HUL) FMCG vault of heaven INDIA OUTLOOK The burgeoning middle class Indian population, as well as the rural sector, present a huge potential for this sector. The FMCG sector in India is at present, the fourth largest sector with a total market place size of it in excess of USD 13 billion as of 2012. This sector is evaluate to grow to a USD 33 billion industry by 2015 and to a whooping USD 100 billion by the year 2025. This sector is characterized by great MNC presence and a well established distribution ne bothrk. In India the slatternly availability of raw materials as well as cheap restriction makes it an ideal destination for this sector.There is too intense competition between the organised and uno(prenominal)ganised segments and the fight to keep exploital costs low. CHALLENGES TO FMCG SECTOR * change magnitude rate of inflation, which is likely to lead to higher cost of raw materials. * The normalisation of packaging norms that is likely to be implemented by the G all overnment by Jan 2013 is expected to increase cost of beverages, cereals, edible oil, detergent, flour, salt, aerated drinks and mineral water. * steady rising fuel costs, direct to increased distribution costs. The present slow-down in the economy may lower affect of FMCG products, particularly in the agio sector, leading to quashd volumes. * The declining value of rupee against other currencies may reduce margins of many companies, as Marico, Godrej Consumer Products, Colgate, Dabur, etc who import raw materials. HIGH GROWTH drive FACTOR * Increasing rate of urbanization, expected to see major maturement in coming years. * Rise in disposable incomes, resulting in bounteousness brands having faster offshoot and deeper penetration. * Innovative and stronger channels of distribution to the rural segment, leading to deeper penetration into this segment. Increase in rural non-agricultural income and benefits from government welfare programmes. * inv estment in bloodline markets of FMCG companies, which are expected to grow constantly. This sector depart continue to see ripening as it depends on an ever-increasing internal market for consumption, and acquire for these goods hang ons more or less constant, irrespective of time out or inflation. Hence this sector will grow, though it may non be a smooth reaping path, due to the present world-wide frugalal slowdown, rising inflation and fall of the rupee.This sector will see good growth in the long run and hiring will continue to remain robust DEMAND FOR FMCG SECTOR Confidence of consumer product makers is waning as a delayedmonsoonand lingering weakness in the economy jeopardise to subdue revenue growth for the sector in the next two quarters. Several marketers, including Dabur, Marico,Godrej Consumer Products Ltd(GCPL),ITCandEmami, fear pressure on premium products and rural demand two important growth drivers in the coming months as sustained highinflationand a hol d-up in monsoon could prompt buyers to tighten grip strings. While the high-end, super-premium segment does non get impacted by inflation, demand in the mass premium segment could contract if overall economic sentiment does not improve, said Sunil Duggal, CEO ofDabur India, the maker of Real juices and Vatika shampoo. slightly HUL HUL is the market leader in Indian consumer products with presence in over 20 consumer categories such as soaps, tea, detergents and shampoos amongst others with over 700 million Indian consumers utilise its products. Seventeen of HULs brands featured in theACNielsenBrand rightfulness name of 100 Most Trusted Brands Annual Survey (2011).The phoner also happens to have the highest number of brands in this list, with six brands featuring in the top 15 list. The company has a distribution channel of 6. 3 million outlets and owns 35 major Indian brands. Its brands include LABOR COST IN INDIA IS THE last AMONG THE EMERGING ASIAN COUNTRIES HUL RATIOS RAT IO 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 accredited proportion 0. 8954 0. 9000 0. 81268 0. 9834 0. 65823 Quick Ratio 0. 4978 0. 4711 0. 48604 0. 5436 0. 27253 Cash Flow Liquidity ratio 0. 6038 0. 5519 0. 80573 0. 6679 0. 38392 Average Collection blockage 13. 343 17. 560 14. 0918 10. 01 12. 2710 Days Inventory Held 48. 957 59. 526 53. 1215 51. 365 60. 4530 Days Payable Outstanding 73. 481 81. 979 104. 886 66. 724 87. 8556 Account receivable overthrow 27. 355 20. 785 25. 9014 36. 494 29. 7448 Accounts Payable Turnover 3. 6017 3. 0947 2. 43856 3. 9712 3. 01573 Inventory Turnover 5. 4059 4. 2619 4. 81485 5. 1589 4. 38272 Fixed assets turnover 10. 36 9. 01 8. 01 12. 34 8. 87 Total Assets Turnover 4. 9807 5. 4970 6. 59332 7. 9313 8. 55871 Debt Ratio 0 0 0. 00402 0. 1683 0. 06321 LONG TERM DEBT TO CAPITAL EMPLOYED 0 0 0. 00402 0. 683 0. 06321 gross profit ratio 16. 449 40. 107 41. 4842 49. 423 51. 688 Operating Profit Ratio 16. 456 15. 911 16. 8758 15. 909 18. 0540 top Profit Ratio 11. 947 11. 520 12. 2033 12. 268 13. 8754 Return on Investments 59. 509 63. 326 80. 4618 97. 307 118. 755 Return on Equity 76. 068 84. 339 81. 1040 117. 42 127. 232 Cash Return on Assets 0. 4351 0. 5281 1. 29341 0. 7963 1. 07195 Price to Earning 18. 569 26. 227 30. 0113 37. 728 56. 8245 Peer likeness s. no. Name Market capitalisation Sales turnover web profit Total assets 1 GODREJ 22933. 3 2980. 08 604. 39 2761. 43 2 DABUR 22448. 83 3759. 33 463. 24 1576. 54 3 MARICO 13361. 56 2970. 30 336. 58 1677. 27 4 EMAMI 9101. 40 1389. 82 256. 81 804. 23 5 P&038G 8103. 50 1297. 41 181. 29 600. 62 6 GILLETTE 7130. 13 1232. 90 75. 73 600. 33 7 JYOTHY LABS 2860. 82 662. 97 83. 52 1226. 42 8 BAJAJ CORP. 2926. 40 473. 31 120. 09 427. 86 9 HUL 118139 22116. 37 2691. 40 3512. 93 BALANCE SHEET OF HUL &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- in Rs. Cr. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Mar 12 Mar 11 Mar 10 Mar 09 Dec 07 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 15 mths 12 mths Sources Of Funds Total Share crown 216. 15 215 . 95 218. 17 217. 99 Equity Share jacket crown 216. 15 215. 95 218. 17 217. 99 217. 75 Share occupation Money 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 Preference Share Capital 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 Reserves 3,296. 11 2,417. 30 2,364. 68 1,842. 85 217. 75 Revaluation Reserves 0. 67 0. 67 0. 67 0. 67 0. 67 Networth 3,512. 93 2,633. 92 2,583. 52 2,061. 51 1,439. 24 Secured Loans 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 144. 65 25. 2 Unsecured Loans 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 277. 30 63. 01 Total Debt 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 421. 95 88. 53 Total Liabilities 3,512. 93 2,633. 92 2,583. 52 2,483. 46 1,527. 77 Mar 12 Mar 11 Mar 10 Mar 09 Dec 07 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 15 mths 12 mths Application Of Funds Gross full point 3,574. 67 3,759. 62 3,581. 96 2,881. 73 2,669. 08 Less Accum. Depreciation 1,416. 88 1,590. 46 1,419. 85 1,274. 95 1,146. 57 Net Block 2,157. 79 2,169. 16 2,162. 11 1,606. 8 1,522. 51 Capital Work in Progress 210. 89 299. 0 8 273. 96 472. 07 185. 64 Investments 2,438. 21 1,260. 68 1,264. 08 332. 62 1,440. 81 Inventories 2,516. 65 2,811. 26 2,179. 93 2,528. 86 1,953. 60 motley Debtors 678. 99 943. 20 678. 44 536. 89 443. 37 Cash and situate Balance 510. 05 281. 91 231. 37 190. 59 200. 11 Total Current Assets 3,705. 69 4,036. 37 3,089. 74 3,256. 34 2,597. 08 Loans and Advances 1,314. 72 1,099. 72 1,068. 31 1,196. 95 1,083. 28 Fixed Deposits 1,319. 9 1,358. 10 1,660. 84 1,586. 76 0. 75 Total CA, Loans &038 Advances 6,340. 40 6,494. 19 5,818. 89 6,040. 05 3,681. 11 Deffered assign 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 Current Liabilities 5,688. 44 6,264. 21 5,493. 97 4,440. 08 4,028. 41 nutrition 1,945. 92 1,324. 98 1,441. 55 1,527. 98 1,273. 90 Total CL &038 Provisions 7,634. 36 7,589. 19 6,935. 52 5,968. 06 5,302. 31 Net Current Assets -1,293. 96 -1,095. 00 -1,116. 63 71. 99 -1,621. 20 Miscellaneous Expenses 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 0 0. 00 Total Assets 3,512. 93 2,633. 92 2,583. 52 2,483. 46 1,527. 76 CAPITAL ASSET determine METHOD 1. REQUIRED RATE OF RETURN = Risk free decease +? (Risk premium) Ri = Rf + ? (Rm Rf) = 8. 1 +0. 27 (6. 5) Ri = 9. 855% 2. ZERO GROWTH MODEL Where, dividend = Rs. 7. 5 Po = d/r = 7. 5/9. 855% Po = 76. 10 3. constant GROWTH MODEL (GORDON MODEL) PO = DO(1+g) r-g d1 r-g Where , growth rate = historical growth of average dividend paid of last 5 years g = 6. 75% = 7. 5(1+6. 75%) (9. 855-6. 75)% PO = 258. 266 4. Implicit growth P0 = d1 R g Where, po = 534. 25, d1=8. 006 , r= 9. 855% P0 = d1 R g 534. 25= 8. 006/ (0. 098-g) G= 0. 083 or 8. 3% Cash flow model Ri = 9. 855% Calculation of growth rate of hard cash flows =(1. 69*1. 51*. 54)1/3 -1 = . 1128 =11. 28% Assuming the abnormal growth of (11. 8%) is for 2 years, and after this the company is back to normal growth trajectory of 6% growth rate Cash flow from operation = 2884. 24 crore Vc = 2884. 24(1+. 1128)/(1+. 09) + 2884. 24(1+. 1128)2/(1+. 09)2 + 2884. 24(1+. 1128)2(1+. 06) (9. 855-6)% (1. 09)2 Vc = 88605 Vp = 0 Vd = 1000 Therefore, Ve = Vc Vp Vd = 88605-1000 = 85605 crore Total no. of shares outstanding = 216. 15 crore Po = Ve Total no. of shares outstanding = 85605/216. 15 Po = 396. 04 MULTIPLE MODEL p/e of company=32. 95 p/e of industry = 44. 0 expenditure of companys share = 534. 25 earnings for the companys stock = price of co. stock p/e of the co. =534. 25/32. 95 Earnings for the companys stock = 16. 21 Po = Earnings of company*P/E of industry =16. 21*44. 50 Po = 721. 345 Analysis The on-line(prenominal) market price of the stock is Rs.. 534. 25 , as per the valuation of stock under distinct method , it is assessed that the stock is overvalued therefore new buyers should not invest at this point, whereas, those who are invested in share are advise to sell the share and enjoy the profits Performance of stock in last 1 year

Advertisements: How Do They Persuade Us Essay

Advertise man military forcets are part and fate of our lives. Perhaps, they are one of the nearly decisive and, at the same time, incognoscible factors moulding and channelling our purchasing habits, so to speak. On the face of it, advertisements promote products and service they acquire demand by dint of inducing and increasing consumption. Yet, the ways in which they convey their messages confound a profound effect on each(prenominal) aspects of our lives our happiness, our culture, family and interpersonal relations, business, stereotypes, wealth and status, individuality, and so forth.According to Leiss et al. (1990 1), advertising is a favour form of discourse, in that it can attract our attention, insinuating itself into our thought processes and novelspaper clipping out a niche in our lives. As we sh all see, advertisements succeed in selling us a lot to a greater extent than only(prenominal) products in fact, they contrive to reconstruct our relations to things a nd other micklein short, they intercept with our sense of identity, they equate us with things, and manipulate us.Williamsons observation compactly encapsulates their power Advertisements are selling us roundthing else be emplacements consumer goods in providing us with a structure in which we, and those goods, are interchangeable, they are selling us ourselves (Williamson, 1978 13). In the present study we are pertain with how advertisements, or rather ad men, to quote Packard (1957), persuade us to deal their products, and forge our hidden needsboth processes taking place beneath our aim of awareness.See more First Poem for You EssayIn inquiring for more effective ways of persuading people to bargain for goods, a swell m either(prenominal) trade inrs or probers (Packard, 1957) turned to psychologists in order to gain in pickles into the deepest recesses of the head teacher and the factors that motivate people, and then to capitalise on their expectations and fear s. Equipped with this fellowship, ad men nowadays exert a remarkable influence on peoples habits and conceptualisation of the world and themselves in relation to determinevalues which are, in great measure, determined by the grocery store.Packard (1957 14), perhaps one of the most(prenominal) vehement critics of the hidden persuaders who have ensnared us by appealing to our unconscious or subconscious needs, eloquently captures the state of the art The symbol manipulators and their interrogation advisers have developed their depth view of us by posing at the feet of psychiatrists and social scientists (particularly psychologists and sociologists) who have been hiring themselves out as practical consultants or setting up their own research firms.These motivation analysts have decidedly become our shamans who, having helped to inspire the fear of the devil in us, they offer redemption (Bolinger, 1980 2) by promoter of the products they sell. They are not only interested in movi ng their merchandise off the shelves they are unquestionablely seeking out powerful communicative cues, a discourse through and nearly objects (Leiss et al. , 1990), which will weld unitedly people, products, and pagan models.In view of this, we no longer buy oranges, we buy vitality. We do not buy just an auto, we buy prestige (Packard, 1957 15). The bargain of self-images (ibid. ) is now the norm. Advertisements barely focus on products alone it is the likely buyers that they blade overtures towhich is mirrored in the language used and in such features as the colours in the ad, its layout, and so on (we will consider some of these aspects in due course).As Ewen (1976, cited in Leiss et al. 1990 23) notes, advertisers have effected a self-conscious change in the psychic economy by inundating the marketplace with suggestions that consumers should buy goods in order to enter realms of experience previously unknown to them. Gradually then, advertising has become a highly orga nized and nonrecreational system of magical inducements and satisfactions (Williams, 1980 1962, cited in Leiss et al. , 1990 25) which can sell us activated security, reassurance of wealth, ego-gratification, creative outlets, love objects, a sense of power and roots, and immortality (see Packard, 1957 66-74 for further details). legion(predicate) people would, at this juncture, hasten to defend advertising on the one thousand that the consumer is a rational decision maker who avails herself of technology advertising cannot create new needs save can only help append or speed up consumption (Schudson, 1984, cited in Leiss et al. , 1990 36) and without the help of advertising, consumers would have limited information about the products circulating around them.What they lose sight of, though, is the fact that we never relate to goods only for their plain utility in that respect is always a ymbolic aspect to our interactions with them (Leiss et al. , 1990 45). Now that we have bri efly circumstances the state of the art, we move on to the actual study of advertisements and the ways in which they persuade us. There are many approaches to this end, but we will draw upon two semiology, or the study of signs, and mental ability analysis. Semiology, on the one hand, is concerned with the emergence and movement of subject matter within the schoolbook and amidst the schoolbook and the world surrounding it. Content analysis, on the other, focuses on the surface meaning of an ad, detecting similarities and differences.Indisputably, the growing predominance of opthalmics in ads has resulted in a human body of ambiguity of meaning, which renders the interpretation of the message more complex and challenging. Earlier advertisements explicitly stated the message by describing the product and adducing arguments in its favour. In the 1920s, however, visuals were more frequently used, and these two, textbook and visual, became complementary. Still, in the 1960s, th e text shifted away from describing the visual toward a more elaborate and mystic form, whereby it functioned as a severalise to the visual (Leiss et al. 1990 199).Against this background of radical changes in the form and content of advertisements, the abovementioned approaches, semiology and content analysis, offer us an insight into the structures of ads and help throw light on the subtle elements, expectations and assumptions, with which they are imbued. Roland Barthes (1973, cited in Leiss et al. , 1990 200-201), hobby Ferdinand De Saussures tradition, divides a sign into two components the anatomy and the mother wit.The signifier is the material object the signified is its abstract meaning. let us illustrate this with Barthes own representative Roses signify passion or love. If we analyse their meaning, we have three elements the signifierthe roses the signifiedpassion or love and the signthe passionified roses as a whole. Of course, there is nothing inherently passionate or amorous about roses they are viewed as such within the context of western culture. In another culture, roses could signify something diametrical, even the opposite of passion or love.Thus, any interpretation of advertisements from a semiotic perspective is bound up with cultural norms and values which may be at odds with those operating in different cultures or different systems of meaning. After all, the power of advertisements lies in, and appropriates, these very norms and values, with a view to reconstituting reality, plot tinging it with an arcane suggestiveness and elusiveness. Drawing upon several advertisements, we will endeavour to probe into the probers minds, weaving the two approaches together.More specifically, we will focus on the rhetorical devices employ (e. . , metaphors, metonymy, jingles, etc. ), as well as the ways in which the text and the visual element prevail upon us to react, i. e. , to buy the product (e. g. , their proclivity for creating a problem , only to consign it to the omnipotence of the product, their spatial arrangement, etc. ). Unfortunately, an in-depth analysis is outside the remit of this study. Let us consider the following ad A black Ford Zetec covers two pages in the magazine, while the text reads When the lorry in front loses its load, most drivers would find themselves losing control. non if youre driving the new 2. 0 litre Ford rivet Zetec ESP. One of the first cars in its class available with an Electronic stableness Program. ESP everlastingly assesses the angle you are steering against information authentic from sensors on the behaviour and direction of the car. By reducing engine power and braking individual wheels it helps you to maintain control and stability, allowing you to stay on track. Its nearly like it knows what to do before you do. So sit back, enjoy the get to and expect more. And the motto just above the car is just steer. This common, albeit catchy, ad addresses the prospective buyer di rectly through the use of the pronoun you. What is more, the strategy it employs is that of creating a problemor rather setting a scene old(prenominal) to many a driver (When the lorry in front loses its load, most drivers would find themselves losing control. )Only in the first sentence is there any mention of most driversapparently in order to juxtapose them to you, the prospective buyer. You are not like most drivers because you are driving the new 2. 0 litre Ford Focus Zetec ESP. Another device employed in the ad is the use of personification, as in ESP constantly assessesit helps youIts almost like it knows The new Ford Focus is more of a jinee in a bottle waiting for you to rub it than merely a car. All you have to do is sit back, enjoy the muster and expect more, revelling in the security its omnipotence affords.Finally, the pun in just steer, referring to the actual steering of the vehicle and, only obliquely, to the idiom to steer clear of, consciously or unconsciously, d ares us to pop into the car and drive, reminding us of our inability to propel the temptation vs. he omnipotence of the vehicle. As Williamson observes, puns perform the correlating function seen in all ads, but in a way that begs to be deciphered densification draws together both the denoted and connoted meanings of the ad, therefore making a deterministic connection between them (Williamson, 1978 87). Yet, not all ads are so straightforward and direct. Let us examine the following ad (found in Williamson, 1978 25). The ad shows Catherine Deneuves face and a Chanel No 5 bottle. There is no text linking these two they are simply juxtaposed. But are they really linked, in the first place?One could say that they are supposed to be linked, in terms of an assumption that they are inextricably related. This link, though, is arbitrary, drawing upon our knowledge of a glamorous world of films and magazines, which Deneuve has come to be associated with. Thus, in juxtaposing her face, which signifies watcher and glamour, with Chanel No 5, there is a latent transference of meaning from Deneuves face to the product, and back again. Not only is her face rendered an object that is summoned to postulate in favour of the product, but it also depends on that product for the sweetie and glamour ascribed to it.Here, the use of language is irrelevant, as the ad appropriates the relationship obtaining between signifier (Catherine Deneuve) and signified (glamour and beauty). In other ads, the visual, not only complements, but virtually transcends, the text, to convey a meaning which is not always belatedly to decipher. Consider the Gordons Gin ad, where there are two different photographs of a famous actor of the 1950s, the bet on one being evidently altered to the point where the actor is barely recognisable. On the left side of the first photo, there is a text in italics, reading Gordons is made with the pick of the Tuscan Juniper.On the right side of the second photo, th e text written in a regular typeface reads otherwise gins are made with whats left. Finally, at the bottom of the page, there is a Gordons Special Dry London Gin bottle in the middle of the sentence If youre not crapulence (bottle of Gin) what are you swallow? Apparently, the significance of the ad resides in assumptions and values outside its grammar (Williamson, 1978).First of all, the collocation of the two photographs appropriates the general belief that a good photograph fashion good quality, which then invites the reader to make the connection between he quality of the first photograph with that of the product through the association of the text in italics with the first picture, and the regular text with the second. Furthermore, the thin typeface (i. e. , italics) stands in stark contrast to the regular text, as it is associated with glamour and prestige and arouses tasteful feelings.So, the last sentence If youre not drinking (bottle of Gin) what are you drinking? co uld easily be rephrased as If youre not one of those who select our gin, then who are you? Once again, the product is put on a pedestal, while tinkering with our desire for approval, that is, suggesting to us that we will find our identity only if we indulge in it. In addition, the use of the calligram, i. e. , the picture of the bottle, instead of the wrangling naming it, establishes the product as something that has a substance all its own, which is beyond words. As Williamson (1978 91) has noted, the calligram playfully seeks to erase the oldest oppositions of our alphabetical civilisation to show and to differentiate to figure and to speak to reproduce and articulate to look and to readIt is a ingeminate trap, an inevitable snare.

Positioning Statement

Positioning StatementAccording to the latest findings in individual report transgress one, our low-income target audiences allow higher extravagant fodder for thought consumption than those in high-income area. We know that poor modus vivendi and dissipated food consumption ontogenesis the likelihood of being diagnosed with deflectel pubic lo recitation by 2.7 times.Healthier behaviorstyle behaviours such as healthy eating, first-string physical activity may push down the assay of unclouded firecer return and improve the life for patients living with catgut apprisecer, but the intention to reassign those health behaviours may vary depending on availabilities of resource, and time (Susan, M., Robert, W. 2018).We aim to use allow for social marketing strategies and trials to nominate more breeding and recommendations on how to minimize the risk of bowel cancer with improved lifestyle and early display.Product design and plat conventionBowel cancer covert kit i s designed to take aim early signs of bowel cancer in our target audiences who do non have bowel cancer or do not have any obvious signs but have a higher risk of getting this disease.This innovative product brings significant benefit in bow cancer early detection. The simple screening instructions saves time and increases the find of detecting bowel cancer at an early stage, cancer death rate is decreased at the corresponding time. The design principles of the screening kit provide simple, fast, comprise effective and accurate diagnosis in bowel cancer. over the years, our team created unique technological platforms that are used to design and relegate products for early detection of different types of cancers. With shared characteristics, these range of products are derived from the same core technology and architecture. The bow cancer screening kit and accomplice products for other cancer are designed to help mass to identify, decimate and treat the disease (Markus A. F eufel1, Tamera R. S., and Hans J. B. 2010).PriceIn price setting, our team mustiness take into account various factors (i.e., lack of insurance, transportation cost and cost of screening) in line with the benefit and value of our product to remain seductive to muckle. Pricing strategies to minimize an economic barrier for bowel cancer screening Proving low cost or free screening service.Healthassist incentives and disincentives can be targeted at healthcare lords and patients. This report target patients. Patient targeted incentives and disincentives can be monetary and nonmonetary. Monetary Incentives and Disincentives are behaviour changes import in a voucher, price, payment, or other financial rewardsNonmonetary Incentives and Disincentives are behaviour changes result in enhanced quality of life or other non-financial benefits (Kim, S., University of Cambridge, Sheila, L., University of north wolframward Carolina, Jon, C., University of Minnesota). . blank/Distribution Cha nnelEmail is one of the most effective ways to communicate our campaign message to target audience and the company.Another alternative method involves community healthcare check works in distributing the screening kits, to provide information and education on bowel cancer to prospective participant.Distribute the kit through pharmacies throughout inner west of Sydney, each returned stool sample impart be tested, and result will be notified to participants.Banduras Social Cognitive scheme examined the relationship between environmental factors and diet behaviour.Healthy food entrance money is the first step to improve the food environment by make healthy foods more assessable to low-income customers and limiting access to fast food restaurants. PromotionWe will hold a yearly Bowel Cancer knowingness Month campaign in encouraging our target audience to reduce dispose food consumption, increase physical activity, promote other convinced(p) health behaviour, and encourage not ye t screened sight to be screened for bowel cancer.The key message for the public isKit start to save your lifeAnother message to our target audienceIf youre aged 16-30 from inner west of Sydney, youll receive a free bowel cancel screening kitFor tribe have no signs or symptoms of bowel cancerBowel cancer is curable if observe earlyTake the test early, dont ignore itCancer Council NSW, local council and businesses provide both financial support and educational resources for this campaign. We will invite a health professional as a guest speaker who is well-known in cancer care and practice to spread awareness message during the campaign, motivate and empower already screened participants to tell their stories and encourage other people to be screened.This campaign offers a unique opportunity for participant to interact with the guest speaker to touch awareness on bowel cancer risks its shock absorber on people who are diagnosed with this disease in our community.Strategies that is actionable and understand the participants can be incorporated. Future cancer prevention and treatment methods must be communicated to the participants.A successful social marketing campaign, we need to make the audience looking involved and motivated without fear from start to finish. Traditional communication take such as face to face communication could not pass by as wide audience as non-traditional channels, it is an effective channel to form a personal connection with our target audience.Mass media such as face book is a non-traditional communication channel where a florilegium of risks are existing. Fear in mass media can affect peoples behaviour, people feel nervous, fearful and anxious when they are exposed by open media.There are serval factors that guiding our decisions including post experiences, cognitive biases, cost, individual differences such as social status and age (Cindy, D. 2010)Creative strategiesSome studies suggest that how food in displayed in a store c an increase sales. Place healthy vegetables and fruits to a place where they will sell faster, usually towards the bet of the store. Encourage customers to buy healthy beverages by placing them in the refrigerator undermentioned to the milk and water.Healthy products such as whole meal wheat berry products below eye level.Form positive relations with the target audience to increase the value of healthier lifestyle behaviours including increased physical activity and heathier dietetic choices.Make information available at local council or public places to make grow the community on the advantage of early screening, healthy eating and impact on eating fast food.Propose or introduce junk food tax, restrict unhealthy food advertising as part of efforts to reduce fast food consumption, addressing raising risk of bowel cancer.Implement appropriate strategies and policies within the community to promote healthy life style, early screening and reduce bowel cancer.Encourage and motivate participants to take part in face to face communications to express their fear and anxiety before screening. Use small media such as newsletters and brochures to motivate and inform people to be screened. Provide training for healthcare professionals including individual targeted training and professional development workshops.Assist healthcare professionals with the knowledge, resources and systems to manage screening effectively.

Mathematical in India Past, Present, Future

Mathematics in India Past, symbolize and Future What is mathematics? mathematics is a light of space, numbers and beat Past Indian mathematics emerged in the Indian subcontinent from 1200 BC until the eradicate of the 18th century. In the classical period of Indian mathematics (400 AD to 1200 AD), important contributions were made by scholars like Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, and Bhaskara II. The decimal number brass in use today was first recorded in Indian mathematics.Indian mathematicians made early contributions to the study of the concept of zero as a number, negative numbers, arithmaticm and algebra. In addition, trigonometry was further advanced in India, and, in particular, the modern definitions of sine and cosine were developed there. These mathematical concepts were transmitted to the shopping centre East, China, and Europe and led to further developments that now form the pitchations of many atomic number 18as of mathematics. return 20th century The 20th century saw m athematics induce a mojor profession.Every year, thousands of new Ph. D. s in mathematics ar awarded, and jobs are availablein teaching, research and industry. Mathematical collaborations of unprecedented size and scope took place in India. One of the more colorful figures in 20th century mathematics was Srinivasa Aiyangar Ramanujan (1887-1920), an Indian autodidact who conjectured or proved over 3000 theorems, including properties of highly composite nimbers, the variance function and its asymptotic, and mock theta functions.He also made major investigations in the areas of da Gamma functions, modular forms, divergent series, hyper geometric series and prime number theory. twenty-first century In 1980, Shakuntala Devi gave the product of two, thirteen digit nimbers within 28 seconds many countries have invited her to demonstrate her extraordinary talent. In Dallas she competed with a calculator with a computer to see who give the cube root of 188138517 faster, she won. At univ ersity of USA she was asked to give the 23rd root, she answered in 50 seconds. The answer is 546372891.It took a UNIVAC 1108 computer, full one minute (10 seconds more) to confirm that she was right after it was supply with 13000 instructions. Now she is known to be Human computer. FUTURE There are many observable trends in mathematics, the most notable be that the orbit is growing ever larger, computers are ever more important and powerful, the coat of mathematics to bioinformatics is rapidly expanding, the volume of data to be analyzed being produced by experience and industry, facilitated by computers, is explosively expanding.The field of mathematics has croak so large that it has become impossible to have an overview of all applicable mathematics. A formalized library should enable the search for relevant results. When invention new high-tech systems, like software for an automatic pilot super computer etc. , one uses complicated mathematical models. Indian mathematici an, engineers and scientist ar eone of the top leading in this trend. CONCLUSION Mathematics is a science of all sciences and art of all arts. Without the proper foundation of mathematics, any science or subject will be a failure, Mathematics is a creation of human mind, concerned cheifly with the ideas, processes and reasoning the modern world of technology, tools such(prenominal) as computer requires the basic mathematics and calculations. Matehmatics is the instrument of education found to be in conformity with the human mind. If we sincerely give our period in the subject of mathematics, we can also come up with in advance(p) ideas and thoughts that can shape the entire universe as our ancestors do in past. We look forward to what the future will bring.

Teenage Relationship

jejune signifier Good Day We atomic publication 18 first grade students of DMSF Pre- o fagtology we argon conducting a survey near teen alliances for our English query/Term paper. As a requirement for the ending of classes. We would same to spawn your opinion or point of view in this regarding topic. freehearted root these following questions truthfully for the success of our research. THANK YOU What is your reason for entering a kind? For athletics speciality Following the Trend some a nonher(prenominal) (specify) Is it o.k. with your p arnts? Yes No by chance Are you ready to reflexion all fortune in having a kin? Yes No Maybe Do ring you ar in the proper climb on to have a kind? Yes No Maybe Is it okay to have a birth withal though you be unchanging a girlishr? Yes No Maybe What comes to your principal when we talk or think to the highest degree a race? In entering this relationship is it serious or further for fun? In having a relat ionship how it volition uphold your perfunctory vivification especially to your studies? What atomic number 18 some advant ripens/disadvant term you will present for having a relationship A. IntroductionWhy do you privation a daughter or a boyfriend? As a adolescentr what is the nominate of having a relationship? And having a commitment with some nonp atomic number 18il of the gelid sex? Where is the relationship going? Many questions come to our mind around the teenage relationship and those questions obviously argon champion of them. But still they will end up with the question. Why do teenage sine qua non a amatoryistic relationship at a unripe age? Is it because your peers are starting to have relationships and therefore you feel pressured to have one as well, in order to fit in or it is because you are really ready for a relationship.As a stripling, any wild-eyed relationship you sense into will most likely be a mundane one because you are probably non at the right age where you are thinking of pairing and ideally the whole point of go out or having a boyfriend or a girlfriend is to describe whether they are the kind of individual you might end up marrying. The teen is a ridiculously human phenomenon. Adolescents are known to be moody, insecure, argumentative, angst-ridden, impulsive, impressionable, reckless and rebellious. juvenilers are overly characterized by odd sleeping patterns, awkward harvest spurts, bullying, acne and cliquish expression. So what could be the possible benefit of the teenage phase? just about early(a) animals apes and human ancestors included skip that stage altogether, evolution chop-chop from infancy to full adulthood. Humans, in contrast, have a actually befuddle four-year gap between intimate maturity and prime procreative age. Anthropologists differ on when the teenage phase first evolved, but pinpointing that get a line could serve up define its purpose.There are a variety of c urrent explanations for the foundation of teens. virtually believe that we need longer for our large headings to collapse. former(a) explanations bring up that a teenage phase allows kids to learn about complex kindly behaviour and other difficult skills, or that it is even required to develop matching bipedal bodies adapted to travelling long distances. Scientists once suasion that the brains sexual structure was fixed at the end of childhood, and teenage deportment was blest on raging hormones and a lack of experience.Then researchers discovered that the brain undergoes crucial changes during adolescence. According to many recent studies, teen brains really are unique (see interactive graphic). Though many brain areas fledged during childhood, others mature subsequent such as the frontal and parietal lobes, responsible for intend and self-control. Other studies have shown that teens fail to see the consequences of their actions, and that sudden increases in subs tance connectivity in teen brains may make it difficult for teenagers to read loving situations and other peoples emotions. Statement of the ProblemThe purpose of this study is to know the behavior of the teenage that pile make them drawn in this kind of relationship, wherefore do they want to experience this relationship even though they are not in the proper age, how this usually started, and what are those reasons and purposes behind them. importation of the field of study The importance of this research is we all know that Youth is the fancy as what Jose Rizal said. So as a Filipino callowness citizen our denote is to picture attention to the behavior of teenager for getting involved of that kind of relationship. desktop and limitThe study limits moreover to the teenage relationship, what comes to the teenagers mind when we talk about sentimentalist relationship, and in like manner is this already healthy for teenager to have a relationship even though they do not know what are those certain circumstances that they will be face for entering this relationship. Definition of Terms Teenage is a young person whoseageis between thirteen and nineteen (1319). They are called teenagers because theiragenumberends in teen. Relationship anintimate relationshipis an social relationshipthat involvesphysicaloremotional intimacy.Physical intimacy is characterized byromanticorpassionatesexandattachment, or sexual activity. The term is also sometimes used euphemistically for asexual relationship. Peers people who are fair to middling in such respects as age, education or sociable class etc. B. Main Body During the teenage years, the youth does not have a firm understanding of the role of date. To teenagers, dating only consists of individual they feel attached to spend time with, and/or a personified experiments. The teens may have curiosity in the emotions and tasks involved in a relationship.The lack of understanding of what a true relationship consists of is wherefore the teenagers these days are so distorted. Datings purpose is to first abuse into marriage that is its sole purpose. Teenager does not, and should not be thinking about marriage. This is why the teens develop a pointless definition of a relationship, because in any case fewer times do these meaningless relationship lead to anything other than sexual curiosity. I In a broken family state A. pursuit for the sexual passion that cannot provide by their family. 1. They tend to baffle love to someone who understands and cares for them. . They want to have a person to talk to when they are scattered and down. 3. They find a person who can give companion anytime. II- Teenagers Curiosity A. Teenagers do some experiments about what and how they feel. 1. Teenagers find answers by their own. 2. Teenagers do what they precious to do without thinking for the result. 3. Instead of asking questions, they wanted to have an experience regarding those things. III- drop of p arental supervision A. Teens are not properly monitored by their parents. 1. Teenagers fagt have guidance with their parents. 2.They usually ask advice from their friends and not to their parents. 3. In teenagers mind they thought that they already do by their lives without the prescience of the parents. B. Lack of self confident and self-steam when they are with their parents. 1. They usually dont have enough time between their parents. 2. They are take up in a broken family state. 3. They do not open-up with their parents for them to be guide. C. closing wherefore we concluded that out of 25 teenagers who had been surveyed, most of them said they are not sure if they are ready to enter a romantic relationship.The results also showed that, most of them think a relationship is all about love and commitment. It also gave the conclusion that a relationship between the ages of 13-19 can affect their studies and the time management for their extracurricular activities. References Adams, R. E, Laursen, B. , Wilder, D. (2001). Characteristics of closeness in adolescent romantic relationships. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 353-363. Connolly, J. , McIsaac, C. (2009). Adolescents explanations for romantic dissolutions A developmental perspective. Journal of Adolescence, 32(5), 1209-1223. Sorensen, S. (2007).Adolescent romantic relationships. feign for Youth Centre of Excellence Research Facts and Findings. Retrieved June 30, 2012, from http//www. actforyouth. net/resources/rf/rf_romantic_0707. pdf. Teenage Relationship Why do teen want a romantic relationship? Sherry Marie L. Billedo Ma. Francesca Louise M. Ruperto English 2 Instructor Ms. Dayenne Therese Sepaco March 26, 2013 tabularise of confine A. Introduction Statement of the Problem Significance of the Study mountain range and Limitation Definition of Terms B. Main Body C. Conclusion References return of the horizon No. of Respondent 25 persons No. of Paper 26pcsTeenage RelationshipTeenage Relationshi p Good Day We are first year students of DMSF Pre- Dentistry we are conducting a survey about teen relationships for our English Research/Term paper. As a requirement for the ending of classes. We would like to get your opinion or point of view in this regarding topic. Kindly answer these following questions truthfully for the success of our research. THANK YOU What is your reason for entering a relationship? For fun Curiosity Following the Trend Other (specify) Is it okay with your parents? Yes No Maybe Are you ready to face any circumstances in having a relationship? Yes No Maybe Do think you are in the proper age to have a relationship? Yes No Maybe Is it okay to have a relationship even though you are still a teenager? Yes No Maybe What comes to your mind when we talk or think about a relationship? In entering this relationship is it serious or just for fun? In having a relationship how it will affect your daily life especially to your studies? What are some advantages/d isadvantage you will get for having a relationship A. IntroductionWhy do you want a girlfriend or a boyfriend? As a teenager what is the purpose of having a relationship? And having a commitment with someone of the opposite sex? Where is the relationship going? Many questions come to our mind about the teenage relationship and those questions obviously are one of them. But still they will end up with the question. Why do teenage want a romantic relationship at a young age? Is it because your peers are starting to have relationships and therefore you feel pressured to have one as well, in order to fit in or it is because you are really ready for a relationship.As a teenager, any romantic relationship you get into will most likely be a casual one because you are probably not at the right age where you are thinking of marriage and ideally the whole point of dating or having a boyfriend or a girlfriend is to see whether they are the kind of person you might end up marrying. The teenager is a uniquely human phenomenon. Adolescents are known to be moody, insecure, argumentative, angst-ridden, impulsive, impressionable, reckless and rebellious.Teenagers are also characterized by odd sleeping patterns, awkward growth spurts, bullying, acne and snobbish behavior. So what could be the possible benefit of the teenage phase? Most other animals apes and human ancestors included skip that stage altogether, developing rapidly from infancy to full adulthood. Humans, in contrast, have a very puzzling four-year gap between sexual maturity and prime reproductive age. Anthropologists disagree on when the teenage phase first evolved, but pinpointing that date could help define its purpose.There are a variety of current explanations for the existence of teenagers. Some believe that we need longer for our large brains to develop. Other explanations suggest that a teenage phase allows kids to learn about complex social behavior and other difficult skills, or that it is even require d to develop coordinated bipedal bodies adapted to travelling long distances. Scientists once thought that the brains internal structure was fixed at the end of childhood, and teenage behavior was blamed on raging hormones and a lack of experience.Then researchers discovered that the brain undergoes significant changes during adolescence. According to many recent studies, teen brains really are unique (see interactive graphic). Though many brain areas mature during childhood, others mature later such as the frontal and parietal lobes, responsible for planning and self-control. Other studies have shown that teens fail to see the consequences of their actions, and that sudden increases in nerve connectivity in teen brains may make it difficult for teenagers to read social situations and other peoples emotions. Statement of the ProblemThe purpose of this study is to know the behavior of the teenage that can make them drawn in this kind of relationship, why do they want to experience t his relationship even though they are not in the proper age, how this usually started, and what are those reasons and purposes behind them. Significance of the Study The importance of this research is we all know that Youth is the Hope as what Jose Rizal said. So as a Filipino youth citizen our concern is to give attention to the behavior of teenager for getting involved of that kind of relationship. Scope and LimitationThe study limits only to the teenage relationship, what comes to the teenagers mind when we talk about romantic relationship, and also is this already legal for teenager to have a relationship even though they do not know what are those certain circumstances that they will be face for entering this relationship. Definition of Terms Teenage is a young person whoseageis between thirteen and nineteen (1319). They are called teenagers because theiragenumberends in teen. Relationship anintimate relationshipis aninterpersonal relationshipthat involvesphysicaloremotional in timacy.Physical intimacy is characterized byromanticorpassionatesexandattachment, or sexual activity. The term is also sometimes used euphemistically for asexual relationship. Peers people who are equal in such respects as age, education or social class etc. B. Main Body During the teenage years, the youth does not have a firm understanding of the role of dating. To teenagers, dating only consists of someone they feel attached to spend time with, and/or a personified experiments. The teens may have curiosity in the emotions and tasks involved in a relationship.The lack of understanding of what a true relationship consists of is why the teenagers these days are so distorted. Datings purpose is to first step into marriage that is its sole purpose. Teenager does not, and should not be thinking about marriage. This is why the teens develop a pointless definition of a relationship, because too few times do these meaningless relationship lead to anything other than sexual curiosity. I In a broken family state A. Seeking for the love that cannot provide by their family. 1. They tend to find love to someone who understands and cares for them. . They want to have a person to talk to when they are upset and down. 3. They find a person who can give companion anytime. II- Teenagers Curiosity A. Teenagers do some experiments about what and how they feel. 1. Teenagers find answers by their own. 2. Teenagers do what they wanted to do without thinking for the result. 3. Instead of asking questions, they wanted to have an experience regarding those things. III- Lack of parental supervision A. Teens are not properly monitored by their parents. 1. Teenagers dont have guidance with their parents. 2.They usually ask advice from their friends and not to their parents. 3. In teenagers mind they thought that they already handle their lives without the prevision of the parents. B. Lack of self confident and self-steam when they are with their parents. 1. They usually dont have enough time between their parents. 2. They are engage in a broken family state. 3. They do not open-up with their parents for them to be guide. C. Conclusion Therefore we concluded that out of 25 teenagers who had been surveyed, most of them said they are not sure if they are ready to enter a romantic relationship.The results also showed that, most of them think a relationship is all about love and commitment. It also gave the conclusion that a relationship between the ages of 13-19 can affect their studies and the time management for their extracurricular activities. References Adams, R. E, Laursen, B. , Wilder, D. (2001). Characteristics of closeness in adolescent romantic relationships. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 353-363. Connolly, J. , McIsaac, C. (2009). Adolescents explanations for romantic dissolutions A developmental perspective. Journal of Adolescence, 32(5), 1209-1223. Sorensen, S. (2007).Adolescent romantic relationships. ACT for Youth Centre of Excellence Research Facts and Findings. Retrieved June 30, 2012, from http//www. actforyouth. net/resources/rf/rf_romantic_0707. pdf. Teenage Relationship Why do teen want a romantic relationship? Sherry Marie L. Billedo Ma. Francesca Louise M. Ruperto English 2 Instructor Ms. Dayenne Therese Sepaco March 26, 2013 Table of Contents A. Introduction Statement of the Problem Significance of the Study Scope and Limitation Definition of Terms B. Main Body C. Conclusion References Result of the Survey No. of Respondent 25 persons No. of Paper 26pcs

Experimental Confirmation Concerning a Widespread Misconception

Title The Photoelectric Effect Experimental baulk concerning a widespread Misconception in the Theory Gao Shenghan 1, Huan Yan Qi 1, Wang Xuezhou 1, Darren Wong 2, Paul downwind 2 and Foong See Kit 2 1 Raffles Institution, unrivaled Raffles Institution Lane, Singapore 575954 2 Natural Sciences and Science Education, case Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616 Abstract The photoelectrical take is a healthy-known and widely taught field in many schools and institutions, yet it has been shown through and through theoretical arguments that there is a common error in the surmise in which this topic is learnt and taught.The common theory is that the qualification of the incoming photons moldiness be greater than the subject area assist of the emitter, and also that the difference amid the life force of the photon and the work aim of the emitter must be greater than the potential dropity utilise surrounded by the emitter and accumulato r register multiplied by the elementary charge. This musical composition provides data-based evidence for the clear interpretation of the photoelectric effect in bon ton to correct the misconception.In this paper, it was tasteally determined that twain the work functions of the emitter and the collector metals must be taken into account in request for a current to be find, contrary to conventional theory. Int rod celluction The photoelectric effect is the phenomenon in which electrons are liberated from matter as a give of electromagnetic radiation being sh one(a) onto it. Generally, the phenomenon is only investigated in metals as they pack lower energy from the radiation. The photoelectric effect was first discovered by Heinrich Hertz in 1887 and was explained by Albert Einstein in 1905.Einsteins poseur quantized elation as photons, individually with energy E=h? where h is the Plancks constant and ? is the frequency. Einstein also introduced the work function ? of a ma terial, defined as the minimum amount of energy undeniable in order to liberate an electron from the material. Through this model, the characteristic photoelectric comparability eVs=h? -? can be derived where Vs is the stopping potential difference. Eisnteins comment and relations of the photoelectric effect, shown below, has been taught in many schools all around the valet today and is widely known. Theory In this section we present the bloodline of the photoelectric equation eVs=h? ?. From the definition of ? , it follows that once an electron has been liberated, it has a maximum possible kinetic energy of h? -?. This also implies that h? >? for a liberation of electron. When an external potentiality V is applied across the metals, there is a potential difference between the plates and thus when the electron needs KE>eV in order to to reach the collector plate. unite the cardinal relations, we beget h? -? >eV. In the equality case, we call the emf Vs, which is t he is the minimum amount of voltage needed to be applied much(prenominal) that no current is recorded. Conventional understanding of the photoelectric effect alternating(a) understanding of the photoelectric effect The above section uses the work function ? e referred to that of the emitter material, even when the emitter and collector are make of different materials. However, this is incorrect, and the deriving is shown below When an electron is just emitted from surface of the emitter, it has potential energy ? e above the ground energy state. Conversely, when an electron is just emitted from surface of the collector, it has potential energy ? c. Hence, if ? e?? c, we none that there will be a potential energy difference of ? c-? e, even if there is no external voltage applied.This is known as the contact potential. ?c ?e ?c-? e Potential cogency Emitter aggregator construe 1 Energy plat without an external voltage ?c ?e ?c-? e Potential Energy Emitter Collector put down 1 Energy diagram without an external voltage Once a potential difference of V is applied between the deuce plates, there is an additional potential energy difference of eV. Collector ?e Potential Energy Emitter ?c ?c-? e+eV eV prognosticate 2 Energy diagram with an external voltage applied Collector ?e Potential Energy Emitter ?c ?c-? e+eV eV inscribe 2 Energy diagram with an external voltage appliedHence, in the process of calculation, the difference in potential energy of the two plates is not eV, but instead ? c-? e+eV. Thus, replacing this into the Einstein equation, we get eVs=h? -? c. Hypothesis The two enquirements for a current to be detected in a photoelectric effect experiment are 1. h? >? e 2. h? -? c>eV Instead of the commonly-quoted 1. h? >? e 2. h? -? e>eV Objective To provide actual observational confirmation of the proposed model, in addition to the currently-available purely theoretical arguments, in order to determine the correct explanation for the pho toelectric effect Apparatus and methodologyOverview The experiment consists of a clean chamber with thin Zn and Ni plates located finishing together but not touching. UV agility was shone onto one of the metal plates and the resulting voltage between the two plates was measured. The materials of the emitter and the collector were changed, as well as the potential difference applied across the two plates. I-V curves were plan and the results analysed. Experimental apparatus A cylindrical vacuum chamber at was pressure 1. 5? 10-2 mbars was used. The emitter and collector plate were placed in the vacuum chamber and were held up using polycarbonate discs, rods and metal rods.The metal plates were placed with the surfaces fit to each other at a fixed distance of 1. 0 cm apart. The surfaces of the plates were sandpapered after each trial. The overall setup of the overlap is shown in Figure 8. Crocodile clips were then used to connect the emitter and collector to the external circ uit which can be stick outn in Figure 9. A window made of sapphire glass was constructed in order to let UV light enter the chamber (Figure 6). This was aligned with the metal plates such that the emitter received as much light as possible.A UV light source was placed directly outside the sapphire window and shone UV light onto the emitter plate. The measurements from these two voltmeters will then be used to plot an I-V curve for each of the configurations Zinc-Zinc, Nickel-Nickel, Zinc-Nickel, Nickel-Zinc. In each of the above cases, the emitter is named before the collector. Figure 3 vacuum-clean chamber 3 4 5 6 Figure 3 Vacuum chamber 3 4 5 6 Figure 6 Sapphire window used to let UV light into the chamber Figure 6 Sapphire window used to let UV light into the chamber Figure 7 UV dispirit used Figure 7 UV Light used Figure 4 Close-up of polycarbonate disc, rod and metal rodFigure 4 Close-up of polycarbonate disc, rod and metal rod Figure 5 Close-up of the two metal plates Figur e 5 Close-up of the two metal plates Figure 8 Overall view of setup Figure 8 Overall view of setup Figure 9 traffic circle used for measurement of voltage and current Figure 9 lot used for measurement of voltage and current Wangxuezhou Results & Discussion Zn-Zn measurements Figure 10 I-V Graph for the Zn-Zn setup The non set photocurrent as measured at 0 V of applied voltage shows that the photon of the UV light has sufficient energy to cause emission of electrons from the Zn plate.Therefore this implies h? >? Zn. In particular, we see that h? -eVstopping? 6. 63? 10-341. 60? 10-193. 00? 108254? 10-9-1. 10 ? 3. 88eV ?? Zn Ni-Ni measurements The results for this setup produced values of zero photocurrent for all possible applied voltages. This means that the UV photon has less energy than the work function of Ni, in other words, h? <? Ni. Zn-Ni measurements Figure 11 I-V Graph for the Zn-Ni setup Negative values of voltage were not time-tested for this setup as voltages of 0. 30 V and lower already yielded a photocurrent of zero. Here, there is no current when V=0.According to the conventional understanding, we need 1. h? >? Zn 2. h? -? Zn>eVapplied When V=0, equation 2 reduces to h? -? Zn>0 which is identical to equation 1. Since we have already naturalized above that h? >? Zn in the Zn-Zn experiment, thus a photocurrent is predicted to be present. However, there was no photocurrent measured, thus showing that the presence of a photocurrent is not solely dependent on the emitter. Now we consider the alternative understanding. We require 1. h? >? Zn 2. h? -? Ni>eVapplied Here, equation 2 reduces to h? -? Ni>0. Since we have shown above that h? lt? Ni from the Ni-Ni experiments, thus it is taken for granted(predicate) that there would not be any photocurrent detected. Hence, the alternative understanding predicts the correct outcome. We can go one step further by predicting ? Ni. From our results, we see that a voltage of +0. 35 V is re quired for a photocurrent. From equation 2, we have h? -? Ni=-0. 35eV. We then get ? Ni=5. 23eV which is close published values of 5. 15eV. Ni-Zn measurements Figure 12 I-V Graph for the Ni-Zn setup The Ni-Zn setup shows negative current from Zn to Ni some light were reflected arrive at the Ni and turned it into a Zn-Ni experiment.Once a sufficient positive voltage was applied, the negative current was unable to reach the Zn plate. Also, even though there is a large positive voltage, there is still no positive photocurrent detected, because the condition h? >? Ni is not satisfied. Conclusion This acoustic projection has demonstrated experimental evidence of the theory that the work function of both the emitter and collector materials must be taken into account in order to predict the presence of a photocurrent. This refutes the well-known theory which only uses the work function of the emitter.The experimental results also give values of ? Zn and ? Ni which are close to actual p ublished values, indicating accurate experimentation. In conclusion, the conditions for a photocurrent to be produced are h? >? e and h? -? c>eV Acknowledgements The group members would like to thank their mentors for their continued guidance and support end-to-end the course of this project. They would also like to thank Ms. Cecelia for her help in the experimental preparation. Last but not least, the group members also thank their teacher-mentor in Raffles Institution, Ms.Kek Ai Kiew for her help and guidance for this project. References 1 Young, H. D. , Freedman, R. A. , & Ford, A. L. (2008). Sears and Zemanskys University Physics twelfth edition with modern physics. San Fransisco, California, United States of America Pearson Addison-Wesley. 2Einstein, A. (1905). Uber einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt. Annalen der Physik, 17, 132148. 3 Nobelprize. org. (2010, July 12). The Nobel think of in Physics 1921. Retrieved fr om http//nobelprize. org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/index. tml 4James, A. N. (1973). Photoelectric effect, a common profound error. Physics Education, 8(6), Retrieved from http//iopscience. iop. org/0031-9120/8/6/005 doi 10. 1088/0031-9120/8/6/005 5Rudnick, J. , Tannhauser, D. S. (1976). Concerning a widespread error in the description of the photoelectric effect. American ledger of Physics, 44(8), 796-798. 6Barbalace, K. (2007, February 22). Environmentalchemistry. com. Periodic table of elements Nickel (Ni). Retrieved from http//environmentalchemistry. com/yogi/periodic/Ni. html

Nationalism and its key factors Essay

patriotism is the belief that citizenry should be loyal to their nation rather than their king. The six-spot bonds that create a nation-state be nationality, language, culture, narrative, religion, and territory. While the joined States does not part all of these same features, I still mean it is a nation-state.Nationality is a belief in a common ethnic ancestry. I believe that the joined States does not have a common ancestry. nigh every star is not a true Ameri undersurface and has had ancestors immigrate here from another nation. We are not all from the same place.Although there are many bi-lingual people in the US, almost everyone speaks a common language, English. It is our national language and it is alike(p) just about everywhere.Culture is another area where the US fits into Nationalism. Almost everyone follows the American styles of clothing. We also all, for the most part, eat all of the same foods and clear in the same ways.I believe the US also has a common his tory. Even though almost everyone has an ancestor that immigrated from another country at one time or another, most Americans believe that the history of the United States is their own.There is not one single religion in the United States. One of the United States selling points was its freedom of religion. While there are some more popular religions, there is not one that is shared by mostly all Americans.While most of these points can be argued, I believe that the issue on territory cannot. The United States has its own borders and areas that belong to it. This land is known to the world as United States territory and is considered by everyone to be its land.While the United States does not bewilder all of the bonds to be true, I still believe it to be a Nation-State. It cannot be argued that almost every citizen of the United States is loyal to the country itself.

Psychological Factors Affecting Consumer Behavior

It has been verbalize that selling management rests upon some conception or other of how consumers get along (Foxall 2001). I entrust proceed to demonstrate, beginning with an all overview of consumer behavior as it relates to the psychological divisors that get nonpareil to comply with a given request, through to an test of the various trends in marketing which argon reflective of consumers changing demands as they respond to homo events and societal evolution, why it is vital that marketers understand and guess consumer behavior. I will also demonstrate, through the use of shells, how various organizations are employing specific strategies ground upon their understanding of consumer behavior to produce record result and profitability in the marketplace.Psychological Factors Affecting Consumer BehaviorAs one social psychologist has termed the weapons of influence, at that place appear to be certain driving forces in human nature, or automatic psychological triggers, that propel single(a)s to respond in predictable ways to given requests (Cialdini 1993, p.3).One much(prenominal)(prenominal) force is the article of belief of Reciprocation, whereby one feels obligated to income tax production a favor that has been provided him (Cialdini 1993, p.17). This rationale is close to constitutely evidenced by the consumers natural tendency to deprave a product from someone after he has been extended a philanthropy or favor from him. It has been demonstrated that this psychological principle of the air pressure to return a favor with a favor is so strong, that it even surpasses the contain to equal the individual extending the favor (Cialdini 1993, p.21).One example of the rule of word at work has been evidenced by the wildly achieverful marketing strategy of the Hare Krishna Society, an eastern religious sect known for its prayer of funds from passersby in public places (Cialdini 1993, p.22). Having been mostly unsuccessful at breeding fu nds through traditional methods of chanting on the streets while pray for donations, the group devised a brilliant strategy that essentially invoked the principles of reciprocation (Cialdini 1993, p.22). As an individual would pass by, a Society member, rather than supplicate for a donation initially, would hand the unsuspecting person a flower, offering it as a free gift from the Society and not accepting its return under any circumstances. Only then would the Society member take for a donation (Cialdini 1993, p.22).The repartee was overwhelming, and a testament to the extraordinary strength of reciprocation. The individual, aware that he had been given a gift and feeling the pressure to reciprocate, was often compelled to respond with a donation (Cialdini 1993, p.24). other powerful psychological principle in a marketers arsenal of tools is the commitment and consistency factor (Cialdini 1993, p. 37). It has been discovered that people feel a very powerful purport to be cons istent once they have committed themselves to something (Cialdini 1993, p. 37).An example of this principle at play is witnessed through the offering of testimonial contests by such big-name companies as Proctor & Gamble and General Foods (Cialdini 1993, p.39). In these contests, the companies ask participants to write short essays, often for large prizes, which include praise for the companies products. ordinarily no purchase is required what is more important is that by forcing authorization customers to record, in writing, praise for the companys product, the company relies on the psychological drive of the individual to believe what he has written (Cialdini 1993, p 40).Apart from the psychological triggers that bend individuals to comply with given requests, marketers must seek to understand the equally matter to psychological processes at work in the unconscious mind that cause consumers to choose one particular course of action, or product, over some other (Zaltman 20 03, p.53). One example of such an unconscious process can be seen in the overwhelming tendency of customers to choose a product offered for $9.99 over an identical one offered for $10.00 (Zaltman 2003, p64).Consumer Need Practicality Or Emotionality?It has been stated that, strange to popular belief, people do not so much buy things they dont need, but that the need is often based more upon emotions and feelings than it is upon concrete corporeal necessity (Danziger 2004, p.1).Though the gross domestic product in the linked States has largely been generated by consumer spending since 1929-a full 60 to 70 part of it- the way consumers generally spend their money has changed significantly over the past 70 years (Danziger 2004, p.3). It is claimed that, today, over 40 percent of consumer spending is discretionary based on wants, not needs (Danziger 2004, p.4).Changing Trends And Their Affect On The securities industryAnother important factor in predicting consumer behavior involve s changing trends in the marketplace. Marketers must be ever vigilant to customers changing needs as society evolves and new events cause consumers wants and needs to adjust accordingly.A clear example of this is witnessed by the fairly recent change in calling card selections offered by fast-food chains such as McDonalds and Burger King. Responding to a pertain over the rising tide of obesity in the U.S. and around the world and consumers increase confide to maintain healthier lifestyles, such fast-food conglomerates have been adding healthier choices to their visiting card selections which includes salads, apple slices instead of French fries, and so on (Plunkett enquiry 2005).Another example of a change in consumer behavior was reflected in consumers response to the tragic events of September 11, 2001. The airline industry, facing huge setbacks as a result of consumers new reluctance to last by air for headache of another terrorist attack, was forced to undergo massive rest ructurings to accommodate the new surround imposed upon them (Plunkett search 2005). Consumers, wishing to reconcile their fears and need to reduce expenditures with the desire to continue enjoying and experiencing life as usual, were searching for ways-and bargains- to enable them to do this. Hence, there began a shift in the airline industry external from prodigality to economy, as discount airlines began setting the new standard for air travel by luring passengers with price, not perks (Plunkett enquiry 2005).With Southwest Airlines and JetBlue leading the pack, these airlines have achieved success and profitability responding to consumers changed needs, mainly by cutting maintenance, operating and labor be, such as by offering a single-plane platform and an open-seating policy (Plunkett Research 2005).In the meantime, of course, as full-service airlines have struggled to compete with the burgeoning success of the discount model, some, like Delta, have begun developing their own low-cost models, which manage to keep costs down by hiring younger flight crews.Another shining example of marketers need to understand and predict consumer behavior comes in the form of the relatively recent phenomenon of online delivery and piracy-or theft-of copyrighted music and video files ((Plunkett Research 2005). agonistic to adapt to this trend following a 2002-2003 decline in music revenues, music companies have been seeking ways to safeguard their files from illegal transfer and distribution, as well as to capitalize on the internet furore by finding methods by which to distribute their files through legal authority via the internet (Plunkett Research 2005).Responding to this need, iTunes Music Store, a digital service provided by Apple Computer, Inc.,was launched in 2003, and it offers music files for download over the internet (Plunkett Research 2005).On a different front, automobile manufacturers have been responding to consumers rising concern over escalatin g gas prices, which reached a record-high in September 2005 of $3.01 per gallon (Plunkett Research 2005). After suffering huge losses on their lines of minivans, pickups and sport public utility vehicles (SUVs), the big three U.S. manufacturers, Ford, GM and Chrysler, are focusing on cosmetic surgery fuel efficiency for these bigger models (Plunkett Research 2005).In addition, as outside car companies like Toyota, Honda, and BMW have continued to steal sales away from U.S. automobile manufacturers, partially due to a reputation for producing higher flavour cars, these American manufacturers have been responding by casting new product lines, such as the hugely successful Chysler 300C, with its eye-catching grill and boxy, elegant design (Plunkett Research 2005).In sum, whether responding to a consumers instinctual drives, which dictate that he or she will likely react in a certain way to a given stimulus, or evaluating the marketplace and consumer behavior based on world events and changing needs, marketing management does indeed rest on a conception of how consumers will behave, now and in the future.

Ideas that Shaped the Constitution

I allow discuss 3 main ideas regarding the Federalist paper. The Federalist Papers wanted to protect the great deal as a whole, not Just individuals. Before the U. S. Constitution was formed, the leading believed that a weak central government wouldnt shake up enough proponent to protect the rights of individual people. After the U. S. Constitution was created, the document called for a unfluctuating central government, one that would have power over the state governments and propose a unified authority on legislating, nforcing and judging laws. What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?The boilers suit purpose of the Federalist Papers was to convince the people that a stronger change government would be more protective ot their rights. The Federalist papers were written to convince people to ratify the Constitution The papers discussed the unequivocal experience of the incompetence of the federal government and the need for a stronger central government. They wanted t he popular to support the constitution and get involved. Many leaders wanted a entralized government because they feared If the power remained In the states It would eventually tear the government apart.States fought with separately other over power and they wanted the power to be change not at the states level. The States had more power than the government. Many far-sighted leaders agnize that the self-interests of the states would eventually tear the union apart. and that the Articles of Confederation provided no legal or political means to stop it. States quarreled with one another over shoot claims, commerce regulations, and frequently rected imposts against neighboring states.Although strictly forbidden by the Articles, states naturalised relations and treaties with foreign nations and refused to send much needed revenue specie to congress. Due to the difficult amendment process, attempts to endow congress with greater authority to tax and to regulate commerce could be stopped by the refusal of a individual(a) state. Who was the attended audience? The original purpose ot the Federalist Papers was to elect Pro-constitution delegates to the peeled York state ratification convention.The proposed audience was the erchants of New York City, whose support was vital if the upstate Antifederalists were to be overpowered. This ettort ultimately tailed. Only nineteen Federalists were elected from New York City, piece forty-six Antifederalists were elected from upstate, led by Governor George Clinton. The papers were printed In only a dozen papers Ideas tha mccantsr uC outs10e 0T New York, ana tnelr Innuence on tne overall vote was n the Articles of Confederation fail? The articles of confederation were written to bring off the 13 origin breaking away from Great Britain in 1776.The articles of confeder umpteen reasons. The main reason was that the states had too much federal government weak. on that point was no one person in charge, the executive bran ch. coitus didnt have any power decisions had all 13 states. Drafted during the years 1776 and 1777, while the c fighting for independence, the Articles of Confederation created a government with most of the governmental powers maintained by th Articles provided no separation of branches. Congress, the legisla branch of government. When laws were presented, they required Congress voted as states not as individuals.The Articles of Confe written to govern the interaction of the xiii original states aft independence from Great Britain in 1776. They proved to be in make out US Constitution was adopted to replace the Articles of Confederati an active government is slender to the protection of individual righ government under the Articles of Confederation was unable to eff individual rights because it did not act directly upon the people, a authority to lend oneself its laws. The Constitution requires that the pe are needed to ratify the document and decide whether they allow for t t he framers or not.

Science Fiction

Introduction This is a speech c neglect acquisition leg barricade. forthwith I ordain be lecture about both information manufacturing texts, embodiment and Trans actors. I go forth likewise be public lecture about the cognition allegory literary genre and what it is. Science illustration Science lying is made up of real breeding science applied science, sundry(a) with the terra firma of manufacture and make moot. By doing this I belief it brings much fire to the novel or film, fashioning it easier to read, or watch, and relate to.We each love the military man of make think, as this allows us to believe we can be or do anything we wish til now though we drive in it is non physically possible in the real world, this making for a much stimulate and provoke invention, as remote to when we suck in a science docudrama which, yes, be precise factual and aro do yet drive no thrilling highs and lows. I believe in whatsoever cases of science al legory novels or movies the actor real feels that the engineering science they have create verbally about and could unfeignedly end up actually fortuity in the about or subsequent future.My first role model of science fiction is one of my favourites, Transformers This story starts when a younker teenager named surface-to-air missile purchases a rail panache rail gondola car that turns out to be an Autobot called Bumblebee, which he regards as evil at first. When Bumblebee (in car mode) returns the follo throw outg day, surface-to-air missile flees, believing the car is stalking him. whence the war begins mingled with the Autobots and the Decepticons, as they employment for the Universe. The movie was tidy sum in the tight-fitting future. The characters weakness is that he is fighting robots.In the end the military man kick upstairs as they have a wakeless team of robots on their side (the Autobots). The Decepticons lose the fight out-of-pocket to a minment of l uck on the Autobots side and sympathetics quick physiological re motion action to his instincts. My import science fiction favourite is Avatar This story begins where scientists use Military-human hybrid bodies called Avatars that atomic number 18 operated via mental liaison by genetically matched humans. Jake haze over, paraplegic formerMarine, replaces his t make br an a nonher(prenominal)wise(a)(prenominal), a scientist trained as an avatar manipulator who was murdered in a robbery. Dr.Grace Augustine, top of the Avatar Program, considers Sully an inadequate successor and assigns him as a bodyguard. The film was sterilise in the tight future. Neytiri is the daughter of the Omaticaya leader, the Navi clan, who is attracted to Jake because of his gallantry while organism frustrated with him for what she sees as his ignorance and stupidity. The characters weaknesses ar that they are fighting long machines. The Military woolly because they relied on untarnished brut e staff office and pass on technology, sooner than actual science and planning.This helped the Navi clan win as they had the familiarity of their consume land to their prefer and had real knowledge and organisation in order to win Conclusion I feel in my first survival of Transformers that it has a divvy up to do with the ultimo technology of machinery and how furthermost this technology has cut in the bear and how much it go forth change again in the good future. It alike gives us an insight on what may or may not happen among the robots (machinery) and the human race. I loved the upthrow of this movie, it is truly action packed but I also feel it is way more fiction than reality of science.Where a young human boy could switch such futuristic machines (I dont rally so) but very raise stuff My second choice I feel is more realistic to how science and technology willing advance in the future. It is not wild to think in that respect are other species than hu mans in our universe, or other beautiful planets equal earth in our solar system. To think that we could replicate these other forms of life is not so imitation either as our scientists are already delving in copy humans.So who knows how much more advanced that will be in the future? It is also felt already that other species in our Universe are more advanced in technology than us, so this is not so exhausting to believe. I truly apply at that place are other life forms in our universe and that in the future we do meet them and hopefully we can harp together and work up together hostile some of the movie Avatar where it creates war, which is not so unfamiliar with(predicate) or fabricated in our world today either. convey you for your time hope you have enjoyed my survey on science fiction.Science FictionIntroduction This is a speech about science fiction. Today I will be talking about two science fiction texts, Avatar and Transformers. I will also be talking about the science fiction genre and what it is. Science Fiction Science fiction is made up of real life science technology, mixed with the world of fiction and make believe. By doing this I feel it brings more excitement to the novel or movie, making it easier to read, or watch, and relate to.We all love the world of make believe, as this allows us to believe we can be or do anything we wish even though we know it is not physically possible in the real world, this making for a more thrilling and exciting story, as opposed to when we have a science documentary which, yes, are very factual and interesting but have no thrilling highs and lows. I believe in some cases of science fiction novels or movies the author truly feels that the technology they have written about and could really end up actually happening in the near or later future.My first example of science fiction is one of my favourites, Transformers This story starts when a young teenager named Sam purchases a car that turns out to be an Autobot called Bumblebee, which he regards as evil at first. When Bumblebee (in car mode) returns the following day, Sam flees, believing the car is stalking him. Then the war begins between the Autobots and the Decepticons, as they battle for the Universe. The movie was set in the near future. The characters weakness is that he is fighting robots.In the end the humans win as they have a good team of robots on their side (the Autobots). The Decepticons lose the fight due to a bit of luck on the Autobots side and humans quick reflex action to his instincts. My second science fiction favourite is Avatar This story begins where scientists use Military-human hybrid bodies called Avatars that are operated via mental link by genetically matched humans. Jake Sully, paraplegic formerMarine, replaces his twin brother, a scientist trained as an avatar operator who was murdered in a robbery. Dr.Grace Augustine, head of the Avatar Program, considers Sully an inadequate replacement and assig ns him as a bodyguard. The film was set in the near future. Neytiri is the daughter of the Omaticaya leader, the Navi clan, who is attracted to Jake because of his bravery while being frustrated with him for what she sees as his ignorance and stupidity. The characters weaknesses are that they are fighting huge machines. The Military lost because they relied on mere brute force and advanced technology, rather than actual intelligence and planning.This helped the Navi clan win as they had the familiarity of their own land to their advantage and had real intelligence and organisation in order to win Conclusion I feel in my first choice of Transformers that it has a lot to do with the past technology of machinery and how far this technology has come in the present and how much it will change again in the near future. It also gives us an insight on what may or may not happen between the robots (machinery) and the human race. I loved the excitement of this movie, it is truly action packed but I also feel it is way more fiction than reality of science.Where a young human boy could defeat such futuristic machines (I dont think so) but very exciting stuff My second choice I feel is more realistic to how science and technology will advance in the future. It is not unrealistic to think there are other species than humans in our universe, or other beautiful planets like earth in our solar system. To think that we could replicate these other forms of life is not so fictitious either as our scientists are already delving in cloning humans.So who knows how much more advanced that will be in the future? It is also felt already that other species in our Universe are more advanced in technology than us, so this is not so hard to believe. I truly hope there are other life forms in our universe and that in the future we do meet them and hopefully we can live together and progress together unlike some of the movie Avatar where it creates war, which is not so unfamiliar or fictiona l in our world today either. Thank you for your time hope you have enjoyed my view on science fiction.

Don’t Blame the Eater Essay

In his article dont rap music the carry offer Zinczenko blames the nourishment persistence for the fleshiness epidemic. Zinczenko opens his articles with a personal story approximately growing up burying solid diet because his parents split up, his mom had to move and he had no other options. He goes on to give statistics on childishness diabetes due to obesity.Zinczenko then insists that complicating the wishing of alternatives is the lack of information astir(predicate) what exactly were consuming. over all(a) in all Zinczenko is advocating changes in the debauched food industry because he believes on that point is a direct link between obesity, monies spent on fast food advertising and the costs of wellness care. I agree with Zinczenko that the fast food industry needs to change by as Zinczenko put it providing the nutrition information battalion need to hold in informed choices about their products. However I question his ask of not blaming the eater & that the food industry is to blame for todays rate of childhood obesity.After all I do believe as Zinczenko states shouldnt we know better than to eat two meals a day in fast food restaurants? Growing up my parents divorced and, like Zinczenko, I was a latch key kid. Everyday my parents do sure my brother and I had lunch for school and dinner that nighttime. As a parent today I pull in the pressure of taking care of things, kids, school, work, extracurricular activities, laundry, making dinner and then assay to squeeze in quality cadence with the family and possibly a social life. With all that going on we always switch a choice.I make my family and what they eat a priority, so I make it a point to procure health easy snacks like fruit, yogurt, cheese sticks, and granola bars. forefathert get me wrong we buy and eat cookies, and on a Friday night dinner is takeout. But the rest of the workweek I make it a priority to cook and eat at home. This mover planning ahead, it may m ean I cook in advance during a really busy week, we will confound leftovers once a week and the crockpot at times is my best friend. I do it because the health of my family is important to me and I occupy not to feed them fast foods. everyplace all I believe it is the state of the individual and the parents of children to make the right choices and to check themselves and their children about making the right choices and typographical error educate themselves and their children about healthy eating habits. Hopefully with education and the help of presidency regulations we can help guide bulk into making better choices and help labour disease due to obesity, after all as Zinczenko said the problem isnt just theres its all of ours.